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[ The Test | Interpretation | Scoring ]
The Oswestry Disability Index: 01-07-06 (32%)
The Oswestry Disability Index (aka: Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, ODI) is an extremely important tool that researchers and disability evaluators use to measure a patient's permanent functional disability. The test has been around for 25 years (2) and is considered the "gold standard" of low back functional outcome tools (1).
INSTRUCTIONS: Simply answer the below questions by choosing the 'best answer' that describes your 'typical' pain and/or limitations within the last week or two. You can only choose ONE answer. If your limitations fall in-between two questions, pick the higher point value question. After you have finished the test, add up your points, divide that number by 50, and multiply by 100 to get your percent disability. You may download a copy for personal use only from here [ ODI ] in .doc format.
There are currently four English versions of the ODI floating around. I will use version 2.0 which is the same that Stanford uses. Here's my 3 year status-post sciatica, almost 2 year status-post microdiscectomy ODI
OSWESTRY DISABILITY INDEX 2.0 |
Section 1: Pain Intensity
I have no pain at the moment. [0 points]
The pain is very mild at the moment . [ 1 point ]
The pain is moderate at the moment . [ 2 points ]
The pain is fairly severe at the moment. [3 points ]
The pain is very severe at the moment. [4 points]
The pain is the worst imaginable at the moment. [5 points] |
Section 6: Standing (Remember, standing is NOT walking.)
I can stand as long as I want without extra pain. [0 points]
I can stand as long as I want but it gives me extra pain. [1 point ]
Pain prevents me from standing for more than 1 hour. [2 points]
Pain prevents me from standing for more than 30 minutes. [3 points]
Pain prevents me from standing for more than 10 minutes. [4 points]
Pain prevents me from standing at all. [5 points] |
Section 2: Personal Care
I can look after myself normally without causing extra pain. [0 points]
I can look after myself normally but it causes extra pain. [1 point ]
It is painful to look after myself and I am slow and careful. [2 points]
I need some help but manage most of my personal care. [3 points]
I need help every day in most aspects of self care. [4 points]
I do not get dressed wash with difficulty and stay in bed. [5 points] |
Section 7: Sleeping
My sleep is never disturbed by pain. [0 points]
My sleep is occasionally disturbed by pain. [1 point ]
Because of pain, I have less than 6 hours of sleep. [2 points]
Because of pain, I have less than 4 hours of sleep. [3 points]
Because of pain, I have less than 2 hours of sleep. [4 points]
Pain prevents me from sleeping at all. [5 points] |
Section 3: Lifting
I can lift heavy weights without extra pain. [0 points]
I can lift heavy weights but it gives extra pain. [1 point]
Pain prevents me from lifting heavy weights off the floor but I can manage if they are conveniently positioned. eg. on a table. [2 points]
Pain prevents me from lifting heavy weights but I can manage light to medium weights if they are conveniently positioned. [ 3 points ]
I can lift only very light weights. [4 points]
I cannot lift or carry anything at all. [5 points] |
Section 8: Sex Life (by pain = for fear of causing pain)
My sex life is normal and causes no extra pain. [0 points]
My sex life is normal but causes some extra pain. [1 point]
My sex life is nearly normal but is very painful. [2 points]
My sex life is severely restricted by pain. [ 3 points ]
My sex life is nearly absent because of pain. [4 points]
Pain prevents any sex life at all. [5 points] |
Section 4: Walking (bad question)
Pain does not prevent me walking any distance. [0 points]
Pain prevents me walking more than 1 mile. [ 1 point ]
Pain prevents me walking more than 1/2 mile. [2 points]
Pain prevents me walking more than 100 Yard. [3 points]
I can only walk using a stick or crutches. [4 points]
I am in bed most of the time and have to crawl to the toilet. [5 points] |
Section 9: Social Life
My social life is normal and gives me no extra pain. [0 points]
My social life is normal but increases the degree of pain. [1 point]
Pain has no significant effect on my social life apart from limiting my more energetic interests, e.g., sports, etc. [ 2 points ]
Pain has restricted my social life and I do not go out as often. [3 points]
Pain has restricted my social life to my home. [4 points]
I have no social life because of pain. [5 points] |
Section 5: Sitting ("Favorite chair" includes a recliner.)
I can sit in any chair as long as I like. [0 points]
I can only sit in my favorite chair as long as I like. [ 1 point ]
Pain prevents me sitting more than 1 hour. [2 points]
Pain prevents me from sitting more than 1/2 hour. [3 points]
Pain prevents me from sitting more than 10 minutes. [4 points]
Pain prevents me from sitting at all. [5 points] |
Section 10: Traveling
I can travel anywhere without extra pain. [0 points]
I can travel anywhere but it gives me extra pain. [1 point]
Pain is bad but I manage journeys over 2 hours. [ 2 points ]
Pain restricts me to journeys of less than 1 hour. [3 points]
Pain restricts me to short necessary journeys under 30 minutes. [4 points]
Pain prevents me from traveling except to receive treatment. [5 points] |
INTERPRETATION:
Now, simply add up your points for each section and plug it in to the following formula in order to calculate your level of disability: point total / 50 X 100 = % disability (aka: 'point total' divided by '50' multiply by ' 100 = percent disability)
For example: my Current level of disability, 01-07-06 is calculated as follows:
16 / 50 X 100 = 32%
ODI SCORING:
0% to 20%: minimal disability: The patient can cope with most living activities. Usually no treatment is indicated apart from advice on lifting sitting and exercise.
21%-40%: moderate disability: The patient experiences more pain and difficulty with sitting lifting and standing. Travel and social life are more difficult and they may be disabled from work. Personal care sexual activity and sleeping are not grossly affected and the patient can usually be managed by conservative means.
41%-60%: severe disability: Pain remains the main problem in this group but activities of daily living are affected. These patients require a detailed investigation.
61%-80%: crippled: Back pain impinges on all aspects of the patient's life. Positive intervention is required.
81%-100%: These patients are either bed-bound or exaggerating their symptoms.
References:
1) Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB, "The Oswestry Disability Index." Spine 2000; 25(22):2940-2952
2) Fairbank JCT, Couper J, Davies JB. "The Oswestry low Back Pain Questionnaire." Physiotherapy 1980; 66: 271-273.
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